解放军文职招聘考试 英语国家概况试题库-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
发布时间：2017-05-2110:44:29英语国家概况试题库I.Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.Foreachunfinishedstatementorquestion,foursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheonethatyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.Writetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(10%)1.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStateswasframedinPhiladelphiain_________.A.1776B.1783C.1787D.16202.IntheUnitedStates,theDepartmentof______advisesthePresidentonforeignrelations.A.DefenseB.StateC.CommerceD.Labor3.RepresentativesintheUnitesStatesareelected_________.A.annuallyB.everytwoyearsC.everythreeyearsD.everyfouryears4.Whichofthefollowinghasthepowertomakefederallawsandlevyfederaltaxes?A.TheexecutiveB.ThelegislativeC.ThejudicialD.Thepresident5.TheNewDealwasstartedby________.A.FranklinD.RooseveltB.J.F.KennedyC.GeorgeWashingtonD.ThomasJefferson6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTregardedasoneofthethreebasicreligiousbeliefs?A.ProtestantismB.CatholicismC.IslamD.Judaism7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapowerofthePresidentintheU.S.?A.TovetothebillspassedbytheCongressB.ToappointfederaljudgeswhenvacanciesoccurC.ToproposelegislationtotheCongressD.Tomakelaws8.ThefirstCatholicPresidentintheU.S.was_______.A.JohnF.KennedyB.GeorgeWashingtonC.AbrahamLincolnD.GeorgeW.Bush9.Duetohisfirmbeliefinnon-violentpeacefulprotestinthespiritofIndiasleaderGandhi,_______wasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1964.A.MalcolmXB.JohnF.KennedyC.MartinLutherKing,Jr.D.JamesFarmer10.In1972,U.S.President_____madeatriptoChinatoimproverelationswiththePeoplesRepublicofChina.A.CarterB.TrumanC.BushD.Nixon11.________weretheancestorsoftheEnglishandthefoundersofEngland.A.TheAnglo-SaxonsB.TheNormansC.TheDanishVikingsD.TheRomans12.________isthesmallestofthefourpartsofGreatBritain.A.EnglandB.WalesC.ScotlandD.NorthernIreland13.AllofthefollowingaremajornationalpartiesinGreatBritainexcept________.A.theConservativePartyB.theLabourPartyC.theLiberalDemocratsD.theRepublicanParty14.InBritain,avoteofnoconfidenceisdecidedby_________.A.theHouseofCommonsB.theHouseofLordsC.thetwomajorpartiesD.thePrimeMinister15.InBritain,thegreatmajorityofparentssendtheirchildrento___________.A.privateschoolsB.independentschoolsC.stateschoolsD.publicschools16.Throughtheexaminationcalledthe11plus,studentswithacademicpotentialgoto_____.A.grammarschoolsB.comprehensiveschoolsC.publicschoolsD.technicalschools17.WhichofthefollowingisnotinvolvedinmakingtheforeignpolicyinBritain?A.TheQueenB.TheForeignandCommonwealthOfficeC.ThePrimeMinisterandtheCabinetD.TheMinistryofDefenceandtheTreasury18.WhichgroupofpeopleCANNOTvoteinthegeneralelection?A.MembersintheHouseofCommonsB.LordsintheHouseofLordsC.TheUKcitizensabovetheageof18D.TheUKresidentcitizensoftheIrishRepublic19.Halloweeniscelebratedon__________.A.October31stB.November5thC.March17thD.December25th20.AllofthefollowingwasinventedinBritainexcept________.A.footballB.tennisC.basketballD.cricketII.Defineterms1.BillofRightsintheUnitedStates[TheBillofRightsconsistsofthefirsttenamendmentswhichwereaddedtotheConstitutionin1791.Itwaspassedtoguaranteefreedomandindividualrightssuchasfreedomofspeech,therighttoassembleinpublicplaces,therighttoownweaponsandsoon.]2.Judicialreview[JudicialreviewreferstothepoweroftheSupremeCourttodecidewhethercongressionallegislationorexecutiveactionviolatestheConstitution.]3.ThestrategyofpreemptioninU.S.foreignpolicy[ItisalsoknownastheBushDoctrine.InanaddressdeliveredtotheWestPointgraduates,PresidentBush,forthefirsttime,putforwardthestrategyofpreemption.Bypreemption,theUSmeansthatwhenitdeterminesthatacountrywhichisrepressiveandhostiletotheUShasacquiredorproducedweaponsofmassdestructionorhasthepotentialtohavesuchweapons,theUSshoulduseforcetoremovethisthreattoUSsecurityandshouldnotwaittillthedangerbecomesimminentoruntiltheUSisattacked.]4.TheHouseofLords[TheHouseofLordsconsistsoftheLordSpiritual,whoaretheArchbishopsandmostprominentbishopsoftheChurchofEngland;andtheLordsTemporal,whichreferstothoselordswhoeitherhaveinheritedtheseatfromtheirforefathersorhavebeenappointed.Thelordsmainlyrepresentthemselvesinsteadoftheinterestsofthepublic.]5.Comprehensiveschools(inBritain)[ComprehensiveschoolsarethemostpopularsecondaryschoolsinBritaintoday.Suchschoolsadmitchildrenwithoutreferencetotheiracademicabilitiesandprovideageneraleducation.Pupilscanstudyeverythingfromacademicsubjectslikeliteraturetomorepracticalsubjectslikecooking.]6.Constitutionalmonarchy(inBritain)[Constitutionalmonarchyisamonarchyinwhichthepowersoftherulerarerestrictedtothosegrantedundertheconstitutionandlawsofthenation.InBritain,theQueenistheofficialheadofstate,butherpowersarelargelytraditionalandsymbolic.Theconstitutionallocatestherestofthegovernmentspowertothelegislatureandjudiciary.]7.Federalism[Afederalsystemisoneinwhichpowerissharedbetweenacentralauthorityanditsconstituentparts,withsomerightsreservedtoeach.]8.Counterculture[InthewakeoftheFreeSpeechMovementandtheNewLeft,thereappearedaphenomenonthathistorianscalledthecounterculture.ItrejectedcapitalismandotherAmericanprinciples.Theyhadmoralsdifferentfromthosetaughtbytheirparents.Somegroupsofyouthtriedtoconstructdifferentwaysoflife.Amongthemostfamouswerethehippies.Theysoughtnewexperiencethroughdroppingoutanddrugtaking.Butitwasmusic,rockmusicinparticular,thatbecamethechiefvehicleforthecounterculturalassaultonthetraditionalAmericansociety.Thecountercultureexertedagreatinfluenceuponpeoplesattitudestowardsocialmorals,marriages,careerandsuccess.]9.AffirmativeAction[Itisaprogramthatseekstoredresspastdiscriminationthroughactivemeasurestoensureequalopportunity,asineducationandemployment.]10.Blues(music)[Bluesreferstoatypeofslow,sadmusicfromtheSouthernUS,fromthecityofNewOrleans.ItisderivedfromablendoffieldchanteyandspiritualaformofhymnsingingprevalentinAfricanAmericanChristianchurches.ThetraditionofthevocalballadusuallyaccompaniedbyaguitaralsocontributedtotheformofBlues.ThemusicoftheBlueshasapeculiar,poignantsadness.Thelyricsofthebluespiecesaresardonicfilledwithwry,self-deprecatinghumor.]11.Sep.11terroristattack[OnSeptember11,2001,terroristshijackedfourAmericanpassengerplanes,twosmashingintotheWorldTradeTowers,oneintothePentagon,andthefourthonesmashingintothefieldsinPennsylvaniaasaresultofthestrugglebythepassengers.3,000innocentliveswerelostintheterroristattacks.Thewholeworldwasshocked,andanti-terrorismbecameapriorityontheagendaofthemajorityofthecountriesallovertheworld.]12.TheHouseofCommons[TheHouseofCommonsistherealcenterofBritishpoliticallifebecauseitittheplacewhereabout650electedrepresentatives(MembersofParliament)makeanddebatepolicy.TheseMPsareelectedintheGeneralElectionsandshouldrepresenttheinterestsofthepeoplewhovoteforthem.]13.Grammarschools[ItisatypeofsecondaryschoolsinBritain.Grammarschoolsselectchildrenattheageof11throughanexaminationcalled11plus.Thosechildrenwiththehighestmarksgotogrammarschools,whichlayemphasisonadvancedacademicsubjectsratherthanthemoregeneralcurriculumofthecomprehensiveschoolsandexpectmanyoftheirpupilstogoontouniversities.]14.Puritanism[PuritanswerethosewhofollowedthedoctrineofJohnCalvinandwantedtopurifytheChurchofEngland.TheybelievethathumanbeingsarepredestinedbyGodbeforetheyareborn.SomeareGodschosenpeoplewhileothersaredamnedtohell.Neitherchurchnorgoodworkcansavepeople.ThesignofbeingGodselectissuccessinhisworkorprosperityinhiscalling.TheyalsoarguethateveryonemustreadtheBibleinordertofindGodswillandestablishadirectcontactwithGod.ThesebeliefshaveproducedagreatimpactuponAmericanculture.]15.NewDeal[TheNewDealreferstothedomesticreformprogramoftheadministrationofFranklinD.Roosevelt.Itisgenerallyconsideredtoconsistoftwophases.Inthefirstphase(19331934),attemptsweremadetoproviderecoveryandrelieffromtheGreatDepressionthroughprogramsofagriculturalandbusinessregulation,inflationandpricestabilization.Inthesecondphase(19351941),socialandeconomiclegislationwasprovidedtobenefitthemassofworkingpeople.]III.Answerquestionsbriefly.1.WhatarethefourbasicrequirementsforsecondaryschoolstudentswhowanttoapplyforarespecteduniversityintheUnitedStates?[FourrequirementsforuniversityapplicantsintheUnitedStates:highschoolrecords;recommendationsfromhighschoolteachers;impressionduringinterviewsbytheuniversity;scoresontheScholasticAptitudeTests.]2.Describebrieflythethree-tierednationalcourtsystemoftheU.S.[Americafederalcourtsystemconsistsofthreelevels:theSupremeCourt,federalcourtofappeal,andfederaldistrictcourt.]3.DescribethefourcategoriesofinstitutionswhichcomprisethesystemofhighereducationintheUnitedStates.[Americanhighereducationsystemiscomposedoffourcategories:theuniversitywhichcanconferbachelors,mastersanddoctoraldegrees;thefour-yearundergraduateinstitutions;thetechnicaltraininginstitution;andthetwo-yearcollegeorcommunitycollege.]4.ListtherolesofthemonarchyinBritaintoday.[Theroleofthemonarchtodayisprimarilyasymboloftraditionandtheunityofthestate.Besides,sheislegallytheheadoftheexecutive,anintegralpartofthelegislature,headofthejudiciary,commanderinchiefofthearmedforces,andsupremegovernoroftheChurchofEngland.ShealsoactsasadvisorofthePrimeMinister.]5.WhatfactorsplayanimportantroleinthecontemporaryforeignpolicyofUK?[Answer:ContemporaryforeignpolicyofUKisinfluencedmainlybythreefactors:itsimperialhistory,itsgeopoliticaltraits,anditsspecialrelationshipwiththeUnitedStates.]6.ItissaidthatBritishhistoryhasbeenahistoryofinvasions.Whatarethemajorinvasions?[ThemajorinvasionsinthehistoryofBritainincludetheRomaninvasionin43A.D.,theinvasionbytheAnglesandtheSaxons,theinvasionbytheVikingsfromScandinavia,andtheNormanConquest.]7.Illustratetheprincipleofchecksandbalanceswithexamples.[Itisaprincipleofgovernmentunderwhichseparatebranchesareempoweredtopreventactionsbyotherbranchesandareinducedtosharepower.Exampleofchecksandbalances:thepresidenthasthepowertovetobillsandsuggestbills;thejudgesareappointedbythepresident;theCongresscanimpeachthepresident;theSupremeCourthasthepowertodecidewhetheralawordirectiveisconstitutional(judicialreview).]8.WhatarethemajorfunctionsofBritishParliament?[ThefunctionsofBritishParliamentare:topasslaws;tovotefortaxation;toscrutinizegovernmentpolicy,administrationandexpenditure;andtodebatethemajorissuesoftheday.]9.WhatwerethemajorideasintheDeclarationofIndependence?[Thedocumentdeclaredthatallmenwereequalandthattheywereentitledtosomeunalienablerightssuchaslife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Italsoexplainedthephilosophyofgovernment:thepowerofgovernmentcamefromtheconsentofthegovernedandthepurposeofgovernmentwastosecuretherightsmentionedabove.ThetheoryofpoliticsandtheguidingprinciplesoftheAmericanRevolutionmainlycamefromJohnLocke.]10.WhatarethepowersoftheUSpresident?[ThepresidentcanproposelegislationtoCongress.HecanvetoanybillpassedbyCongress.Butthevetocanbeoverriddenbyatwo-thirdsvoteinbothhouses.Thepresidentcanappointfederaljudgesasvacanciesoccur.Heisthecommander-in-chiefofthearmedforces.Hehasotherbroadauthoritiesinrunningdepartmentsandhandlingforeignrelations.]11.WhatarethetwomajorconcernsofmanyAmericansabouttheirpoliticalsystem?Why?[Oneconcernisaboutthehighcostofcampaigningforpublicoffice,whichmayforcecandidatestospendmoretimeraisingmoneythandealingwithimportantissues.Theotherconcernisabouttheinfluenceoftheorganizedinterestgroups,whichprovidemostofthemoneyforpoliticalcampaignsandthuspressurizethegovernmentofficialstomakepoliciesintheirfavor.]12.WhatarethemajorfeaturesofAmericanreligion?[Americanreligionischaracterizedbythreemajorfeatures.Oneistheharmoniousco-existenceofvariousreligions.Thesecondistheco-existenceofstrongreligiousbeliefsandsocialprogress.TheThirdisindependenceofchurchintermsoffinanceandbuilding,andlittleconcentrationondoctrineorreligiousargument.]IV.Comment.1.IsAmericanPresidentdirectlyelectedbythepeople?Givereasonstosupportyouridea.2.DescribetheproceduresofAmericanpresidentialelection.3.DiscussthefactorswhichhavecontributedtothespecialrelationshipbetweenBritainandtheUnitedStates.4.CommentontheCivilRightsMovementinthe1960sinAmerica.5.DiscussthestructureofBritishgovernmenttoday.6.DiscusstheracialproblemsbetweenblackandwhiteintheUnitedStates.7.HowdoestheUSConstitutiondividepoweramongthethreebranchesofgovernment?Howdothebranchescheckandbalanceeachother?8.MakeacomparisonandcontrastbetweenBritishgovernmentandAmericangovernment.9.AnalyzethemajorprinciplesofgovernmentintheConstitutionofU.S.
2017年军队文职人员招聘考试《政治学》备考试题及答案（二）(9月1日)-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
2017年军队文职人员招聘考试《政治学》备考试题及答案（二）(9月1日)发布时间：2017-12-3021:03:211.我党在长期革命和建设的实践中，形成了一条马克思主义的优良学风，其内容是()A.解放思想、实事求是B.理论联系实际，一切从实际出发C.与时俱进，不断发展D.百花齐放、百家争鸣答案：B2.毛泽东认为，新民主主义经济要()。A.限制富农经济的存在B.利用富农经济的存在C.消灭富农经济的存在D.容许富农经济的存在答案：D
2017年军队文职人员招聘考试《政治学》备考试题及答案（三）(7月31日)-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
2017年军队文职人员招聘考试《政治学》备考试题及答案（三）(7月31日)发布时间：2017-12-1923:17:581.无产阶级的历史使命是()。A.建立无产阶级专政B.进行社会主义革命C.开展对资产阶级的阶级斗争D.推翻资本主义社会，实现社会主义和共产主义答案：D2.中国新民主主义革命理论最基本的内容是()。A.人民民主专政的政权建设的理论B.人民军队建设和军事战略战术的理论C.农村包围城市，武装夺取政权道路的理论D.无产阶级革命政党自身建设的理论答案：C
2017年军队文职人员招聘考试《政治学》备考试题及答案（一）(9月1日)-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
2017年军队文职人员招聘考试《政治学》备考试题及答案（一）(9月1日)发布时间：2017-12-3021:05:001.中共中央确定建立抗日民族统一战线的总方针的会议是()。A.遵义会议B.洛川会议C.瓦窑堡会议D.中共六大答案：C2.毛泽东指出，在我党的一切实际工作中，凡属正确的领导，就必须是()。A.从群众中来，到群众中去B.坚持民主集中制C.少数服从多数D.维护党中央的权威答案：A
